Photo: Lisbeth Nikolaisen Drotz, Norges Råfisklag, the Norwegian Raw Fish Association

What is the Difference Between Cod and Skrei?

NORWAY
Friday, January 24, 2025, 07:00 (GMT + 9)

You’ve likely heard the terms "cod" and "skrei" used interchangeably and wondered, what’s the difference? Simply put: all skrei are cod, but not all cod are skrei.

The Norwegian Raw Fish Association (Norges Råfisklag) provides a straightforward explanation. Cod accounts for an impressive 50% of the value of all wild-caught seafood delivered in their region, spanning from Finnmark to Nordmøre. Most of this cod is caught between January and April by both small and large fishing boats, creating significant economic activity both at sea and onshore.

Cod holds a special place in Norway’s history, serving as the country’s most important export since the 9th century. Fun fact: proceeds from the sale of stockfish even helped finance the construction of Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim!

Skrei vs. Coastal Cod

Broadly speaking, cod can be divided into two main populations: skrei and coastal cod.

• Skrei: The skrei is a migratory cod that undertakes an impressive journey every winter, swimming thousands of kilometers from the Barents Sea to the Norwegian coast to spawn.
• Coastal Cod: Unlike its migratory counterpart, coastal cod remain in the same coastal areas year-round, living and spawning locally.

As young fry, skrei are carried by ocean currents to the Barents Sea, where they mature and grow. Once they reach sexual maturity, skrei embark on their long migration back to the Norwegian coast to spawn. This incredible phenomenon, often referred to as the "great skrei influx," occurs between January and April, when millions of skrei flood the waters from Finnmark to Lofoten.

This grueling journey makes skrei unique. The thousands of kilometers they swim develop strong, elastic muscles, resulting in exceptionally firm and high-quality meat—comparable to that of a top athlete.

Skrei’s Historical Significance

The name "skrei" originates from the Old Norse word skreið, meaning “fish that strides or wanders.” For over a thousand years, the arrival of skrei has been a vital event for coastal communities in Norway. It has historically provided essential food, trade opportunities, and work, making it a cornerstone of Norwegian culture and economy.

This seasonal phenomenon not only supports local livelihoods but also creates the basis for unique culinary traditions and opportunities. Right now, as the skrei season begins, you’ll find skrei and related delicacies—like cod tongues, liver, and roe—at fish counters in grocery stores.

Interesting Facts About Skrei

• A Fish of Many Names: Cod, skrei, Norwegian Arctic cod, Northeast Arctic cod, and Gadus morhua are all names for this iconic fish.

• Joint Management: Norway manages the cod stock collaboratively with Russia through the Norwegian-Russian Fisheries Commission, as the stock migrates naturally between both countries.

• Sustainable Practices:

  • The cod stock is closely monitored by scientists and authorities, with fishing quotas set based on comprehensive data.
  • Since the late 1980s, Norway has regulated cod fishing by allocating quotas to approved fishermen and boats. This ensures the sustainability of cod stocks for future generations, even if quotas are occasionally reduced.
  • Thanks to these efforts, Norway today boasts the world’s largest cod stock.

• Environmental Influences: Cod stocks are influenced by natural factors such as access to food, sea temperature, and ocean currents.

Whether you call it cod or skrei, this fish represents a remarkable combination of nature’s resilience, history, and culinary excellence. Skrei season is a celebration of tradition, sustainability, and premium quality—a true testament to Norway’s dedication to the sea.

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