Construction and development of modern marine ranching and future funding priorities China
The chinese experience of 'overfishing' domestic squid and 'Raising the Sea'
CHINA
Saturday, February 18, 2023, 22:00 (GMT + 9)
Zhoushan Fishing Ground: From "Catching the Sea" to "Raising the Sea"
Among the 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan is quite special: it is the only prefecture-level city organized as an archipelago in China, and it is also the largest production, processing, storage and sales base of seafood products in China. It is known as the "Fishing Capital of China". Due to the unique resource endowment, it has created a unique fish season here. The description of the local fishing proverbs is quite vivid: yellow croakers squawk in spring, squid are sun-drenched on the reef in summer.
However, Zhoushan Fishing Ground, one of the "Four Great Fishing Grounds in the World", has gradually become "extremely rich and declining" in the 1980s after a long period of overfishing. For a while, the cry of "no fish in the East China Sea" was deafening, which also opened up a new trajectory for the changes of this rich fishing ground.
In recent years, the extinct squid has returned, and after half a century, large yellow croakers have been seen "prosperous" again in the Zhoushan fishing ground. From "catch the sea" to "raise the sea", fishery resources are recovering, the industrial structure is being optimized, and the contribution of the former "East China Sea fish warehouse" has new annotations.
Solving the Difficulty of Eating Fish in New China
Walking in the fishing village of Zhoushan, any old "boat boss" can say a few words about the general situation of the Zhoushan fishing ground. Putting it all together, you can draw a picture in your mind. According to the operating sea area, fishermen are used to dividing Zhoushan Fishing Ground into Daji Fishing Ground, Shengshan Fishing Ground, Langgang Fishing Ground, Huangze Fishing Ground and so on.
Excess of fishing boats makes uncontrollable many aspects that the government wants to reverse
Another division rule is the time dimension. Because it is located at the estuary of the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, and Yongjiang River, and the warm current of the Indian Ocean and the cold current of the Bering Strait meet here, it brings abundant nutrients and provides a steady stream of natural food for aquatic animals. In addition, the surrounding islands Numerous and moderately located, it is the only way for a variety of economic fish to migrate. Cold-loving fish can live on this side of the cold current, while warm-loving fish can reproduce on the other side of the warm current.
Therefore, according to the seasonal arrangement, the spring flood is the small yellow croaker flood, the summer flood is the large yellow croaker, cuttlefish, squid and pomfret flood, the autumn flood is the jellyfish flood, and the winter flood is the hairtail, swimming crab and eel flood. There are many marine creatures living here all year round. There are more than a thousand species. For a long time, the Zhoushan fishing ground has been the traditional operating area of fishermen in the "three provinces and one city" of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian and Shanghai.
Gradually thousands of small fishing boats are replaced by modern vessels
How much did the Zhoushan fishery contribute? Take Shengsi Fishing Ground, the central fishing port during the winter flood season, as an example. In the 1960s and 1970s, tens of thousands of fishing boats gathered here every year to catch winter hairtail. In the later stage, fishing boats and some large-scale sailboats began to "conquer the north and the south", and a large group of meritorious "bosses" stood out. Everyone is chasing each other, and the record of fishing output is constantly being refreshed.
The fishery industry in Zhoushan has achieved bumper harvests year after year, and the lives of fishermen have been greatly improved. After the aquatic products caught are transferred to urban and rural markets across the country, they have also solved the "difficulty of eating fish" in New China. It is said that at that time, 7 out of 10 hairtails supplied by the Beijing aquatic products market came from Zhoushan fishery.
Shenjiamen port (Zhoushan)
"Two ups and one down" optimal structure
Ships gathered, tower cranes stood everywhere, and there was a lot of traffic, but everything was in order. The 10,000-ton fish catch goes into the warehouse as soon as it leaves the cabin, and transport vehicles deliver these delicacies to the tables of thousands of households. Such a busy scene is commonplace in Zhoushan National Pelagic Fishery Base. In the past five years, with the help of the country's "Belt and Road" initiative, Zhoushan fishing boats have sailed abroad and entered Shenlan.
Statistics show that as of now, Zhoushan has a total of 39 ocean-going fishery qualified enterprises, ranking first among prefecture-level cities in the country, and has 685 ocean-going fishing vessels, accounting for more than 20% of the country.
The construction of modern jigger vessels for squid fishing allows them to operate in any fishing ground in the world
Last year, the city's pelagic fishery output totaled 675,000 tons, accounting for 22% of the country and more than 90% of the province, of which squid output was 530,000 tons, accounting for more than 65% of the country.
It is worth mentioning that nowadays, the Zhoushan ocean-going fishery home port facing the Pacific Ocean, which integrates the entire industrial chain of "fishing-sea transportation-processing, trading, transportation, storage-sales-service", has continuously highlighted the industrial cluster effect. The sudden emergence of Zhoushan's distant water fishery has turned it from relying solely on resource and element consumption to green and scientific development.
One end asks for production capacity from Deep Blue, and the other end asks for benefits from the breeding industry. In the past, Zhoushan fishery has long been dominated by marine fishing. At the same time, as an excellent port in China, many coastal and coastal waters in Zhoushan need to be used for large-scale ships to sail and enter and wait for berths, so large-scale farming cannot be carried out. However, with the continuous innovation of science and technology, Zhoushan fishery is also vigorously developing mariculture and aquaculture in the inner bay habitat of the island. From 2015 to 2021, the fish-to-fish ratio in Zhoushan will increase from 10.5:89.5 to 24.9:75.1.
Zhoushan is today a "model center" for the reception of raw material, especially squid, from different fishing grounds for further processing.
"Two liters" frees up more space for "reducing ships and converting production". The reporter learned that the fan net is the main operation method of Zhoushan's traditional fishery, which has poor selection of fish species, large resource consumption, and relatively high operational safety risks. In this regard, on the one hand, Zhoushan has made great efforts to rectify the chaos, and has made great efforts to reduce ships, production, and staff; Since 2015, the number of fishing boats in Zhoushan has decreased by 1,412, and the total power has decreased by 179,000 kilowatts.
A set of data is enough to explain the changes in transformation: around the "one fish" industry, Zhoushan has continuously optimized its industrial structure, the proportion of high-value links in the industrial chain such as secondary and tertiary industries has continued to expand, and the proportion of extended industries, supporting industries, and integrated business formats has exceeded 75%. In 2021, the output value of "One Fish" will be 27.5 billion yuan, and the output value of the entire industrial chain will exceed 71 billion yuan.
In the surroundings of Zhoushan there is a modern production complex to give the squid maximum added value and to supply not only the domestic market but also other countries.
"Ecological Song" Sings at Sea
Recently, the razor clam has become the "star" of the Shengsi farmers' market. This local is fond of it. At one time, due to the sharp drop in production, the price remained high, selling for 100 yuan per catty. Now, after the supply has recovered, the price has been "cut down the middle". This is inseparable from the multiplication and release of razor clam that Shengsi County has insisted on for many years.
The reporter learned that in 2011, Shengsi successfully overcame the technical problem of artificial seedling raising of razor clams, and made a breakthrough in artificial seedling raising. Since then, the razor clam has been officially included in the implementation list of the county's fishery resources proliferation and release. So far, more than 260 million razor clam seedlings have been released in the county. In addition, seedlings such as equilateral shallow clam, rainbow bright cherry clam, black sea bream, large yellow croaker and needleless squid are also included in the proliferation and release.
A lot of money has been invested in testing and modeling artificial reefs so that marine fauna can be restored quickly.
The relevant person in charge of the Zhoushan Ocean and Fisheries Bureau told reporters that in the past five years, the city has invested more than 100 million yuan to release nearly 8 billion units of large yellow croaker, squid, jellyfish, portunus trituberculatus, and black sea bream. According to follow-up surveys, Zhoushan's fishery resources are continuing to recover, especially the reappearance of traditional economic fish such as squid and large yellow croaker, which were once on the verge of extinction, making Zhoushan's fishery more vibrant.
Breeding and release is just one part of Zhoushan's combination of marine ecological protection. In 2017, the "Zhoushan City National Marine Special Reserve Management Regulations" was promulgated, as the country's first national-level marine special reserve local regulations, and the country's first local regulations to create a sea fishing license system and implement shellfish and algae fishing licenses , Realized the rule of the sea by law and the escort of the system.
In the past five years, Zhoushan has successively built two national-level marine protected areas, the Shengsi Ma'an Islands Marine Special Reserve, the Putuo Zhongjieshan Islands Marine Special Reserve, and the eastern provincial-level marine special reserve of Zhoushan City.
More than 11% of the total area. In addition, Zhoushan has successfully approved 6 national-level marine ranch as the core area, Zhoushan has successively released nearly 500,000 cubic meters of artificial reefs. From the original old ships and reinforced concrete reefs to the well-designed new steel frame reefs, it has attracted many Reef-loving fish gather to rest in peace.
Of course, the record of the changes in the "East China Sea Fish Storehouse" Zhoushan Fishing Ground is ultimately based on the increase in the fishermen's bills. In 2021, the per capita income of Zhoushan fishermen will be 38,794 yuan, an increase of 49.8% over 2016. According to the plan, by 2025, the city's fishermen's per capita income will reach more than 52,700 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 8%, taking the lead in realizing common prosperity.
Source: Farmers Daily (translated from original in chinese)
Among the 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan is quite special: it is the only prefecture-level city organized as an archipelago in China, and it is also the largest production, processing, storage and sales base of seafood products in China. It is known as the "Fishing Capital of China". Due to the unique resource endowment, it has created a unique fish season here. The description of the local fishing proverbs is quite vivid: yellow croakers squawk in spring, squid are sun-drenched on the reef in summer.
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