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FAO Area 41 is one of the two areas in the world that still do not have any type of fisheries management, which constantly gives rise to all kinds of

From hypocrisy to IUU fishing there is only one step: from an almost exemplary Pacific to an unregulated South Atlantic

Click on the flag for more information about Argentina ARGENTINA
Thursday, February 26, 2026, 01:00 (GMT + 9)

When sustainability is proclaimed in one ocean and omitted in another

The recent signing of a Framework Collaboration Agreement between ANFACO-CYTMA and the Committee for the Sustainable Management of the South Pacific Giant Squid (CALAMASUR) constitutes, in practice, a positive signal for international fisheries governance. The understanding formalizes years of cooperation to promote the sustainability of the giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) within the framework of the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO / OROP-PS).

The agreement was signed by the secretary general of ANFACO-CYTMA, Roberto Alonso, and the president of CALAMASUR, Alfonso Miranda Eyzaguirre, and reaffirms the commitment to move forward with effective management measures within OROP-PS. It also represents explicit backing from the European Union and the Spanish industrial sector for the strategy that Miranda has been promoting for years, with the support of regional organizations such as SONAPESCAL and artisanal fishermen’s organizations from Ecuador, Peru and Chile.

In the words of Roberto Alonso, “the industry and the producing countries are completely aligned, and this agreement demonstrates it.” The text emphasizes the need to address challenges such as the lack of catch limits in certain high seas areas, environmental variability and supply predictability.

However, what in the Pacific is presented as a firm commitment to sustainability generates an inevitable “uncomfortable noise” when the scenario of the South Atlantic is observed.

The Atlantic mirror: the case of Illex argentinus

The contrast becomes evident when analyzing the operations of the Galician fleet flying the Spanish flag that fishes outside Argentina’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), in a high seas area where no specific regional organization exists to establish mandatory quotas, systematic inspections, strict transshipment regulation, biological closures, or official biomass studies with public and transparent access.

Added to this is the activity of Galician vessels operating under the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) flag in waters administered by the local government. The issue acquires a delicate political dimension: if the Spanish Government maintains that the Malvinas are Argentine, yet private shipowners fly the Falkland Islands flag, at the very least a question arises regarding institutional coherence. In that context, would it not be reasonable — at least as a gesture of transparency — to also report catches to the Argentine authorities?

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) establishes obligations of cooperation with coastal States in matters of conservation and resource management. Under that principle, specialists point out that the standards of data collection, control and sustainability promoted for Dosidicus gigas in the Pacific could — and should — also be applied to Illex argentinus in the Atlantic.

Declared sustainability, background and reputational risk

The debate deepens when recalling that part of the fleet linked to ARVI was fined in 2023 by the Spanish Government because 25 fishing vessels illegally switched off their satellite tracking devices while operating near the Argentine EEZ between 2018 and 2021.

Photo: courtesy Mongabay

The satellite monitoring system is a key tool for vessel traceability and oversight. Fisheries control specialists warn that when a vessel activates the so-called “ghost mode,” disconnecting its positioning systems, it often does so to conceal potential irregular activities, such as unauthorized entry into jurisdictional waters.

The combination of:

  • fishing on the high seas without a specific regional organization,
  • absence of agreed multilateral quotas,
  • lack of public transparency in data,
  • and a record of disconnection of identification systems,

not only fuels technical questioning. Added to the above, it could give rise to some journalist with less diplomacy than prudence openly labeling them as hypocrites1, or even pointing to them as part of the structural problem represented by IUU fishing2 (Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated).

Source: Global Fishing Watch. Click on the image to enlarge it

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) defines IUU fishing as one of the greatest global threats to the sustainability of marine ecosystems, the fishing economy and food security. And although not every absence of regulation constitutes illegality, the gap between what is demanded in one ocean and what is tolerated in another can seriously erode credibility.

A question of international coherence

The agreement between ANFACO-CYTMA and CALAMASUR represents a relevant step toward advancing governance of the giant squid in the South Pacific. But in a global market where traceability, transparency and the fight against IUU fishing determine commercial access, coherence has become a strategic asset.

The distance between the Pacific and the Atlantic should not be measured in nautical miles. In terms of international reputation, it may be only a single step. And when sustainability is proclaimed in one ocean and relativized in another, that step can become dangerously short.

                                [email protected]


1. A hypocrite is a person who pretends to have qualities, feelings, or beliefs that they do not actually possess, acting in a manner contrary to what they preach or showing a “double face” in order to deceive or seek personal benefit, while concealing their true intentions. The word comes from the Greek term for “actor” or “reciter,” referring to someone who plays a false role — that is, who displays a different personality depending on the company in order to please or manipulate.

2. IUU fishing (Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated) is a destructive global activity that threatens the sustainability of marine ecosystems, the fishing economy, and food security. It includes fishing without a license, violating quotas, or using prohibited gear, and often takes place on the high seas or in jurisdictional areas without control (FAO).


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🇯🇵 Japanese Translation(日本語訳)

偽善からIUU漁業へは一歩:模範的な太平洋から無規制の大西洋へ

持続可能性が一つの海で唱えられ、別の海では見過ごされるとき

ANFACO-CYTMA南太平洋ジャンボイカ持続的管理委員会(CALAMASUR)との間で最近署名された枠組み協力協定は、国際漁業ガバナンスにとって前向きなシグナルである。これは、**南太平洋地域漁業管理機関(OROP-PS)**の枠内において、**ジャンボイカ(Dosidicus gigas)**の持続可能性を促進するための長年の協力を正式化するものである。

本協定は、ANFACO-CYTMA事務局長ロベルト・アロンソ氏と、CALAMASUR会長アルフォンソ・ミランダ・エイサギレ氏によって署名され、OROP-PS内での効果的な管理措置の推進へのコミットメントを再確認するものである。さらにこれは、欧州連合およびスペイン産業界による、ミランダ氏が長年推進してきた戦略への明確な支持を意味する。そこにはSONAPESCALエクアドル、ペルー、チリの沿岸零細漁業団体の支援もある。

ロベルト・アロンソ氏は「産業界と生産国は完全に足並みを揃えており、この協定がそれを証明している」と述べている。本合意は、一部公海域における漁獲制限の欠如環境変動性供給予測可能性といった課題への対応を強調している。

しかし、太平洋で称賛されるこの姿勢は、大西洋南部の状況を見れば、避けがたい**「不快な違和感」**を生じさせる。

大西洋という鏡:Illex argentinusの事例

対比は明白である。アルゼンチンの排他的経済水域(ZEE)外の公海で操業するスペイン国旗を掲げるガリシア船団の実態を見ると、そこには義務的漁獲枠、体系的検査、厳格な転載規制、生物学的禁漁措置、公開された公式資源量調査を定める地域機関が存在しない。

さらに、フォークランド諸島(マルビナス)旗を掲げ、現地政府が管理する海域で操業するガリシア船も存在する。スペイン政府がマルビナスはアルゼンチン領であると主張する一方で、民間船主がフォークランド諸島旗を掲げることは、制度的一貫性に疑問を投げかける。透明性の観点から、アルゼンチン当局への漁獲報告は行われるべきではないのか。

国連海洋法条約(CONVEMAR)は、沿岸国との協力義務を定めている。この原則の下、太平洋においてDosidicus gigasに適用を求める基準は、大西洋のIllex argentinusにも適用されるべきだと専門家は指摘する。

宣言された持続可能性、不都合な前例、そして評判リスク

議論はさらに深まる。ARVIに関連する船団の一部が、2018年から2021年にかけてアルゼンチンZEE近傍で操業中に衛星位置追跡装置を違法に停止した25隻について、2023年にスペイン政府から罰金を科された事実がある。

衛星追跡システムは、トレーサビリティおよび監視の要である。専門家は、いわゆる**「ゴーストモード」**の起動は、無許可で管轄水域へ侵入するなどの不正行為を隠蔽するために用いられる場合が多いと指摘する。

以下の組み合わせは:

  • 地域管理機関のない公海操業

  • 多国間で合意された漁獲枠の欠如

  • 公開データの透明性不足

  • 識別装置停止の前例

単なる技術的問題ではない。これらを総合すれば、より率直な記者であれば彼らを偽善者と呼ぶか、あるいは**IUU漁業(違法・無報告・無規制漁業)**という構造的問題の一部と見なす可能性もある。

**FAO(国連食糧農業機関)**は、IUU漁業を世界の海洋持続可能性と食料安全保障に対する最大級の脅威と定義している。

国際的一貫性の問題

ANFACO-CYTMACALAMASURの合意は、南太平洋におけるガバナンス推進に向けた重要な一歩である。しかし、トレーサビリティ透明性IUU漁業との闘いが市場アクセス条件となる今日、一貫性は戦略的資産である。

太平洋と大西洋の距離は、海里ではなく、信頼性で測られるべきだ。


🇨🇳 Simplified Chinese Translation(简体中文翻译)

从虚伪到IUU捕捞只有一步之遥:从近乎典范的太平洋到无监管的南大西洋

当可持续性在一个海洋被高调宣示,却在另一个海洋被刻意忽略

ANFACO-CYTMA与南太平洋巨型鱿鱼可持续管理委员会(CALAMASUR)近期签署的框架合作协议,在实践层面构成了对国际渔业治理的一个积极信号。该谅解备忘录正式确立了多年来在南太平洋区域渔业管理组织(OROP-PS)框架下推动巨型鱿鱼(Dosidicus gigas)可持续发展的合作。

该协议由ANFACO-CYTMA秘书长罗伯托·阿隆索与CALAMASUR主席阿方索·米兰达·埃萨吉雷签署,并重申了在OROP-PS框架内推进有效管理措施的承诺。此外,这也是欧盟及西班牙工业部门对米兰达多年来所推动战略的明确支持,该战略得到了SONAPESCAL等区域组织以及厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和智利手工渔民组织的支持。

正如罗伯托·阿隆索所言,“行业和生产国完全保持一致,这项协议正证明了这一点。” 文本强调,有必要应对诸如部分公海区域缺乏捕捞限额、环境变动以及供应可预测性等挑战。

然而,在太平洋被呈现为对可持续性坚定承诺的做法,当置于南大西洋的现实背景下观察时,便不可避免地产生一种“令人不适的噪音”。

大西洋之镜:阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)的案例

当分析悬挂西班牙国旗的加利西亚船队在阿根廷专属经济区(ZEE)之外、公海区域的作业情况时,这种对比变得尤为明显。在该公海区域,并不存在一个专门的区域性组织来设定强制性配额、系统性检查、严格的转运监管、生物禁渔期,或公开透明获取的官方生物量研究。

此外,还有在福克兰群岛(马尔维纳斯)旗帜下作业的加利西亚船只,在当地政府管理的水域开展活动。这一问题具有敏感的政治维度:如果西班牙政府坚持马尔维纳斯属于阿根廷,但私人船东却悬挂福克兰群岛旗帜,至少会引发关于制度一致性的疑问。在这种背景下,是否——至少作为一种透明姿态——也应向阿根廷当局报告捕捞数据?

《联合国海洋法公约》(CONVEMAR)规定了在资源保护和管理方面与沿海国家开展合作的义务。基于这一原则,专家指出,在太平洋为Dosidicus gigas所倡导的数据收集、监管和可持续性标准,同样可以——也应当——适用于大西洋的Illex argentinus。

被宣示的可持续性、既往记录与声誉风险

当回顾2023年与ARVI有关的部分船队因2018年至2021年期间在阿根廷ZEE附近作业时,25艘渔船非法关闭卫星定位设备而被西班牙政府罚款时,这一讨论进一步加深。

卫星监测系统是船舶可追溯性与监控的关键工具。渔业监管专家警告称,当船只启动所谓的“幽灵模式”,断开其定位系统时,往往是为了掩盖可能的不规范行为,例如未经授权进入管辖水域。

以下因素的叠加:

  • 在缺乏专门区域组织的公海进行捕捞,
  • 缺乏多边商定的配额,
  • 公共数据透明度不足,
  • 以及曾经断开识别系统的记录,

不仅引发技术层面的质疑。再加上前述情况,可能会导致某些不那么讲求外交辞令而更直言不讳的记者公开将其称为虚伪者1,甚至将其指认为构成IUU捕捞2(非法、未报告和无管制捕捞)这一结构性问题的一部分。

联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)将IUU捕捞定义为对海洋生态系统可持续性、渔业经济和粮食安全构成的全球最大威胁之一。尽管并非所有监管缺失都构成违法,但在一个海洋中所要求的标准与在另一个海洋中所容忍的现实之间的差距,可能会严重侵蚀其信誉。

一个国际一致性的问题

ANFACO-CYTMA与CALAMASUR之间的协议,是推动南太平洋巨型鱿鱼治理取得进展的重要一步。然而,在一个以可追溯性、透明度以及打击IUU捕捞决定市场准入的全球市场中,一致性已成为一项战略资产。

太平洋与大西洋之间的距离不应以海里来衡量。从国际声誉的角度看,它或许仅仅一步之遥。当可持续性在一个海洋被宣示,而在另一个海洋被相对化时,这一步可能会变得危险地短。

[email protected]
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