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The problem becomes even more critical because the artisanal fisherman does not have the capacity to pass this cost increase on to the sales price.

Fuel Rises, Fishing Suffocates

Click on the flag for more information about Peru PERU
Sunday, May 03, 2026, 00:00 (GMT + 9)

Peruvian artisanal fishing currently faces a pressure that seriously compromises its economic viability: the sharp increase in the price of diesel, an essential input for operation. Added to this is an internal structural problem that further aggravates the situation: the tax burden on fuels, particularly the Selective Consumption Tax (ISC), which for years has been applied to the diesel used by fishing vessels.

The impact is completely tangible. In areas such as Paita, a gallon of diesel, which previously cost around 14 soles, has reached nearly 23.50 soles. This jump represents an increase that completely alters the cost balance of an activity where fuel can account for between 30% and 50% of the total operating expense. Artisanal fishing, like any other economic activity, depends on profitability in the cost-benefit ratio. Today, more is spent than is earned.

The problem becomes even more critical because the artisanal fisherman does not have the capacity to pass this cost increase on to the sales price. A large part of their production enters highly competitive export markets, where the price is not defined by the producer, but by global supply. In products such as jumbo flying squid (pota) or giant squid, this situation is even more complex: international oversupply—fueled, among other factors, by the Chinese fleet operating limitlessly in international waters—presses prices downward, just as internal costs skyrocket. The result is an evident paradox: increasingly expensive inputs and selling prices that do not keep up or even decrease.

In this context, the very design of the Selective Consumption Tax deserves an urgent review. According to the definition of the Peruvian State, the ISC is a tax that levies products considered non-essential or that generate negative externalities, such as alcohol, tobacco, or fuels. Its purpose is to discourage harmful consumption or finance its effects. However, applying this logic to diesel used for food production is, at the very least, questionable. Fishing is not a luxury or a dispensable consumption: it is a key productive activity for food security, employment, and the country's exports. The application of this tax, negligent at the time, is today, by all accounts, self-destructive.

International experience provides perspective. In Ecuador, increases in the price of diesel generated a fishing crisis; in Spain, many vessels stopped operating due to a lack of profitability. However, in Portugal and other European countries, tax breaks or subsidies have been implemented to sustain the activity, and in various latitudes of Central America, compensation funds were activated. The trend is clear: where fuel becomes more expensive due to the global situation, States intervene. Peru, on the other hand, has not yet adopted an equivalent measure. And the situation worsens day by day. Inaction not only affects artisanal fishing, but also the tuna fleet, equally exposed to unequal international competition.

Click on the image to enlarge it

Furthermore, there are possible and concrete solution mechanisms. Just as the State partially refunds the ISC to land transport, a similar scheme could be established for fishing, or even a conditioned subsidy based on the number of tons landed, ensuring traceability and avoiding distortions. This is not about eliminating controls, but about designing them correctly. Persisting in an inadequate tax scheme will only lead to fewer vessels operating, lower production, and greater dependence on imports. When fuel becomes unaffordable, it is not just the engines that stop: the sovereignty of the country is put at risk.

Author / Source: Alfonso Miranda Eyzaguirre / Expreso


🇯🇵 日本語 (Japanese)

燃料は高騰し、漁業は窒息する

ペルーの小規模手漕ぎ漁業(漁業アルテサナル)は今日、その経済的存続を深刻に危うくする圧力に直面しています。それは、操業に不可欠な投入物であるディーゼル燃料価格の急激な上昇です。これに加えて、状況をさらに悪化させる内部的な構造的問題があります。それは燃料に対する税負担、特に数年前から漁船に使用されるディーゼル燃料に適用されている特別消費税(ISC)です。

その影響は完全に目に見える形で現れています。パイタのような地域では、以前は約14ソルだったディーゼル燃料1ガロンの価格が、23.50ソル近くまで達しています。この跳ね上がりは、燃料費が総運営費の30%から50%を占める活動において、コストバランスを完全に崩壊させる増加を意味します。小規模漁業は、他のあらゆる経済活動と同様に、費用対効果の収益性に依存しています。今日、収入よりも支出の方が多い状態にあります。

この問題がさらに深刻なのは、小規模漁師にはこのコスト増を販売価格に転嫁する能力がないためです。彼らの生産物の大部分は、価格を生産者ではなく世界的な供給が決定する、競争の激しい輸出市場に組み込まれています。アメリカオオアカイカ(ポタ)巨大イカなどの製品において、この状況はさらに複雑です。公海で無制限に操業する中国船団などによって助長される国際的な過剰供給が、国内コストが急騰する一方で価格を押し下げています。その結果、投入物はますます高価になり、販売価格はそれに伴わない、あるいは下落するという明らかなパラドックスが生じています。

この文脈において、特別消費税自体の設計は緊急の見直しに値します。ペルー政府の定義によれば、ISCアルコールタバコ、あるいは燃料のように、非必需品とみなされる製品や負の外部性を生む製品に課される税金です。その目的は、有害な消費を抑制すること、またはその影響を補填することにあります。しかし、食料を得るために使用されるディーゼル燃料にこの論理を適用することは、控えめに言っても疑問です。漁業は贅沢品でも不要な消費でもありません。それは国の食料安全保障雇用、そして輸出にとって重要な生産活動です。当時、不注意に適用されたこの税金は、今日、誰の目にも自壊的なものとなっています。

国際的な経験は私たちに展望を与えてくれます。エクアドルでは、ディーゼル燃料の価格上昇が漁業危機を引き起こしました。スペインでは、多くの船が収益性の欠如により操業を停止しました。しかし、ポルトガルや他の欧州諸国では、活動を維持するために減税補助金が実施されており、中米のさまざまな地域では補償基金が発動されました。傾向は明らかです。世界情勢により燃料が高騰する場所では、国家が介入します。対照的に、ペルーはまだ同等の措置を講じていません。そして状況は日に日に悪化しています。不作為は小規模漁業だけでなく、同様に不平等な国際競争にさらされているマグロ漁船団にも影響を及ぼしています。

さらに、具体的で可能な解決メカニズムが存在します。国家陸上輸送に対してISCを一部還付しているように、漁業に対しても同様の枠組みを構築するか、あるいは水揚げトン数に応じた条件付き補助金を設けることで、追跡可能性を確保し歪みを防ぐことができます。これは管理を排除することではなく、正しく設計することです。不適切な税制を維持し続けることは、操業船の減少、生産量の低下、そして輸入への依存度の増大を招くだけです。燃料が支払えなくなるとき、停止するのはエンジンだけではありません。国の主権が危機にさらされるのです。


🇨🇳 简体中文 (Simplified Chinese)

燃料价格上涨,渔业面临窒息

秘鲁手工小渔业如今面临着严重威胁其经济生存能力的压力:运营必不可少的投入品——柴油价格的大幅上涨。此外,还有一个加剧局势的内部结构性问题:燃料税负,特别是多年来一直适用于渔船所用柴油选择性消费税(ISC)

影响是完全切实的。在派塔等地区,每加仑柴油的价格以前约为14索尔,现在已接近23.50索尔。这一飞跃意味着,在燃料可能占总运营支出30%50%的活动中,成本平衡被彻底改变。手工渔业与任何其他经济活动一样,依赖于成本效益关系的盈利能力。如今,支出已经超过了收入。

问题变得更加严峻,是因为手工渔民没有能力将这种成本增加转嫁到销售价格上。其大部分产品进入了竞争激烈的出口市场,那里的价格不是由生产者决定的,而是由全球供应决定的。在美洲大赤鱿(Pota)巨型鱿鱼等产品中,情况更加复杂:国际供应过剩——其中受在公海无限度作业的中国船队等因素的影响——在内部成本飙升的同时压低了价格。结果是一个明显的悖论:投入品越来越贵,而销售价格却跟不上甚至在下降。

在这种背景下,选择性消费税本身的设计值得紧迫审查。根据秘鲁政府的定义,ISC是对被视为非必需品或产生负外部性的产品(如酒精烟草燃料)征收的税种。其目的是抑制有害消费或为其影响提供资金。然而,将这种逻辑应用于获取食品所需的柴油,至少是值得商榷的。渔业既不是奢侈品,也不是可有可无的消费:它是国家粮食安全就业出口的关键生产活动。这项税收在当时被疏忽地应用,如今看来显然是自毁灭性的。

国际经验为我们提供了视角。在厄瓜多尔柴油价格上涨引发了渔业危机;在西班牙,许多船只因缺乏盈利能力而停止作业。然而,在葡萄牙和其他欧洲国家,已经实施了税收减免补贴以维持该行业,而在中美洲的各个地区,也启动了补偿基金。趋势很明显:在燃料因全球局势而变得昂贵的地方,国家会进行干预。相比之下,秘鲁尚未采取对等措施。而且情况日益恶化。不作为不仅影响手工渔业,也影响同样暴露在不平等国际竞争下的金枪鱼船队

此外,还存在具体且可能的解决方案机制。正如国家陆路运输部分退还ISC一样,可以为渔业建立类似的计划,甚至可以根据卸货吨数建立有条件补贴,以确保可追溯性并避免扭曲。这不是要消除监管,而是要正确地设计监管。坚持不恰当的税收计划只会导致作业船只减少、产量降低以及对进口的依赖增加。当燃料变得无法负担时,停止的不只是发动机:国家的主权也将面临风险。

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