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Photo: NOAA Fisheries / FIS

Gulf of Alaska Chinook Salmon Escape Endangered Species List After Extensive Federal Review

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Monday, May 18, 2026, 04:00 (GMT + 9)

NOAA Fisheries concludes three distinct salmon populations face low risk of extinction despite recent population fluctuations

Federal wildlife officials have officially declined to place the Gulf of Alaska Chinook salmon under the Endangered Species Act, concluding a year-long investigation into the health of the iconic fish populations.

The decision, announced by NOAA Fisheries, comes in response to a January 2024 petition filed by the Wild Fish Conservancy. The conservation group had pressured the government to classify one or more evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of the salmon as threatened or endangered.

Following a preliminary 90-day finding in May 2024 that suggested a listing might be necessary, NOAA Fisheries assembled a specialized status review team of scientists. This team collaborated closely with salmon biologists from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, a Tribal liaison, and various Alaska Native Tribes and corporations throughout the Gulf of Alaska to compile a comprehensive Status Review Report.

Ultimately, federal scientists identified three distinct ESUs based on genetic differences, migration barriers, and habitat breaks:

  • Southeast Gulf of Alaska – encompassing all populations in Alaska east of Cape Fairweather.

  • Central Gulf of Alaska – covering populations from Cape Fairweather through Cordova.

  • Northwest Gulf of Alaska – including populations from Cook Inlet, the Kenai Peninsula, and the South Alaska Peninsula.

Boundaries of Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs), displaying anadromous waters bearing Chinook salmon in each ESU surrounded by shading displaying watershed boundaries. Credit: NOAA Fisheries

"We have determined that listing any of the three ESUs of Gulf of Alaska Chinook salmon under the Endangered Species Act is not warranted," NOAA Fisheries stated in its final decision. "This determination is based on the best available scientific and commercial information and the findings of the status review."

To determine the extinction risk, the scientific team conducted a dual-pronged assessment focusing on threat analysis and demographic risks—specifically evaluating abundance, productivity, spatial distribution, and diversity.

The investigation looked into five major risk areas dictated by the Endangered Species Act, including habitat destruction, disease, predation, regulatory failures, and over-utilization for commercial or recreational purposes.

The review team identified environmental variability as the single most significant threat to all three populations. However, the agency noted that the salmon possess the biological resilience to withstand these shifting conditions.

"While current run sizes are trending low for many Gulf of Alaska stocks, fluctuations in abundance and productivity are typical of salmon populations, and many Gulf of Alaska stocks remain within the scope of historical variability or are showing signs of stabilization," the agency noted in the report.

Federal officials emphasized that the salmon still maintain large overall population sizes spread across multiple stocks, viable productivity levels, and high genetic diversity. Furthermore, the agency credited high-quality, intact habitats alongside proactive local conservation and management practices for keeping the species stable.

The not warranted 12-month finding represents the final administrative decision on the January 2024 petition, effectively closing the review.


🇯🇵 Japanese (日本語)

アラスカ湾のキングサーモン、大規模な連邦政府の調査を経て絶滅危惧種リスト入りを回避

米地質調査所海洋漁業局(NOAA Fisheries)は、近年の個体数変動にもかかわらず、3つの明確なサケの個体群が絶滅するリスクは低いと結論付ける

連邦政府の野生生物当局者は、象徴的な魚類個体群の健康状態に関する1年間の調査を終え、アラスカ湾のキングサーモン(マスノスケ)を絶滅危惧種法に基づく対象に指定することを正式に見送った。

NOAAフィッシャリーズが発表したこの決定は、ワイルド・フィッシュ・コンサーバンシー2024年1月に提出した請願書に応じたものである。この環境保護団体は、同サケの1つ以上の進化的に重要な単位(ESU)を「危機に瀕している種(絶滅危惧種)」または「絶滅の恐れがある種」として分類するよう政府に圧力をかけていた。

指定が必要となる可能性を示唆した2024年5月の予備的な90日間の知見を受け、NOAAフィッシャリーズは科学者による専門のステータスレビューチームを結成した。このチームは、アラスカ州魚類狩猟部のサケ生物学者、部族連絡官、およびアラスカ湾全域の様々なアラスカ先住民部族および企業と緊密に協力し、包括的なステータスレビュー報告書をまとめた。

最終的に、連邦政府の科学者たちは、遺伝的差異、移動への障壁、および生息地の不連続性に基づいて、3つの明確なESUを特定した:

  • アラスカ湾南東部フェアウェザー岬より東のアラスカ州におけるすべての個体群を包括。

  • アラスカ湾中部フェアウェザー岬からコードバに及ぶ個体群を網羅。

  • アラスカ湾北西部クックインレットキーナイ半島、および南アラスカ半島の個体群を含む。

「アラスカ湾のキングサーモンの3つのESUのいずれかを絶滅危惧種法に基づいて指定することは正当ではないと判断した」とNOAAフィッシャリーズはその最終決定の中で述べた。「この決定は、利用可能な最善の科学的および商業的情報と、ステータスレビューの知見に基づいている。」

絶滅リスクを判断するため、科学チームは脅威分析と人口統計学的リスク(特に存在量、生産性、空間分布、多様性の評価)に焦点を当てた2角的な評価を実施した。

この調査では、生息地の破壊、病気、捕食、規制の不備、商業用または娯楽目的の過剰利用など、絶滅危惧種法によって規定されている5つの主要なリスク領域を調査した。

レビューチームは、環境の変動性を3つすべての個体群に対する単一の最も重大な脅威として特定した。しかし、同局は、サケがこれらの変化する状況に耐える生物学的な回復力を備えていると指摘した。

「現在、多くのアラスカ湾の資源で遡上数が減少傾向にあるが、存在量と生産性の変動はサケの個体群において典型的であり、多くのアラスカ湾の資源は歴史的な変動の範囲内にとどまっているか、安定化の兆しを見せている」と同局は報告書の中で言及した。

連邦政府の当局者は、サケが依然として複数の資源に分散した大規模な全体個体数、実行可能な生産性レベル、および高い遺伝的多様性を維持していることを強調した。さらに同局は、高品質で手つかずの生息地と、地域の積極的な保全・管理措置が種を安定させていると評価した。

正当ではない」とする12ヶ月間の知見は、2024年1月の請願に対する最終的な行政決定を意味し、事実上このレビューを終結させるものである。


🇨🇳 Simplified Chinese (简体中文)

阿拉斯加湾国王鲑经联邦政府广泛审查后免于列入濒危物种名单

美国国家海洋渔业局(NOAA Fisheries)得出结论,尽管近期种群数量出现波动,三个不同鲑鱼种群面临的灭绝风险依然较低

联邦野生动物官员已正式拒绝将阿拉斯加湾的国王鲑(大鳞大麻哈鱼)列入《濒危物种法》的保护范围,从而结束了对这一具标志性鱼类种群健康状况为期一年的调查。

这项由美国国家海洋渔业局宣布的决定,是对野生鱼类保护协会2024年1月提交的一份请愿书作出的回应。该环保组织此前曾向政府施压,要求将该鲑鱼的一个或多个进化显著单元(ESUs)归类为受威胁或濒危物种。

2024年5月的一项初步90天调查结果表明可能有必要将其列入名单后,美国国家海洋渔业局组建了一个由科学家里程组成的专门状态审查小组。该小组与阿拉斯加州鱼类和狩猎部的鲑鱼生物学家、一名部落联络员以及整个阿拉斯加湾的各个阿拉斯加原住民部落和企业紧密合作,编制了一份全面的状态审查报告

最终,联邦科学家根据遗传差异、洄游障碍和栖息地断层,确定了三个不同的进化显著单元(ESU):

  • 阿拉斯加湾东南部 – 涵盖费尔韦瑟角以东阿拉斯加州的所有种群。

  • 阿拉斯加湾中部 – 覆盖从费尔韦瑟角科尔多瓦的种群。

  • 阿拉斯加湾西北部 – 包括来自库克湾基奈半岛南阿拉斯加半岛的种群。

“我们已经确定,根据《濒危物种法》将阿拉斯加湾国王鲑的三个进化显著单元(ESU)中的任何一个列入名单都是没有依据的,”美国国家海洋渔业局在最终决定中表示。“这一认定是基于现有的最佳科学和商业信息以及状态审查的结果。”

为了确定灭绝风险,科学小组进行了聚焦于威胁分析和人口统计风险的双管齐下的评估——具体评估了数量、生产力、空间分布和多样性。

该调查研究了《濒危物种法》规定的五个主要风险领域,包括栖息地破坏、疾病、捕食、监管机制不健全以及用于商业或娱乐目的的过度利用。

审查小组将环境变异性确定为对所有三个种群而言单一最显著的威胁。然而,该机构指出,鲑鱼具备抵御这些不断变化的环境的生物学韧性。

“尽管目前许多阿拉斯加湾鱼群的洄游规模呈低迷趋势,但数量和生产力的波动在鲑鱼种群中是典型现象,并且许多阿拉斯加湾鱼群仍处于历史变异范围之内,或正显示出稳定迹象,”该机构在报告中指出。

联邦官员强调,这些鲑鱼仍然保持着分布在多个鱼群中的巨大总体种群规模、可行的生产力水平以及高遗传多样性。此外,该机构将物种保持稳定归功于高质量、完整的栖息地以及积极的地方保护和管理实践。

这项没有依据12个月调查结果代表了对2024年1月请愿书的最终行政裁决,实际上结束了此次审查。

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