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The presence of tilapia in Brazil dates back to the 1950s. The rendalli tilapia (Coptodon rendalli) was introduced in 1953.

Technical note reignites debate on the classification of Nile tilapia

Click on the flag for more information about Brazil BRAZIL
Tuesday, July 07, 2026, 05:00 (GMT + 9)

A publication authored by 33 researchers compiles studies on the ecological risks posed by the species and aims to inform decisions made by Conabio.

A technical note signed by 33 Brazilian researchers addresses the classification of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an invasive alien species. Published on June 29th in the scientific repository EcoEvoRxiv, the document compiles studies from the scientific literature that, according to the authors, indicate that the species meets the international criteria for this classification. The material was also prepared to contribute to ongoing discussions within the National Biodiversity Commission (Conabio).

The topic involves one of the main species in Brazilian aquaculture. In 2025, Brazil produced 707,495 tons of tilapia, a volume equivalent to about 70% of the national production of farmed fish. The species also accounted for approximately 94% of Brazilian fish farming exports, consolidating the country as the fourth largest tilapia producer in the world, according to the 2026 Brazilian Aquaculture Yearbook, from the Brazilian Aquaculture Association (Peixe BR). The same data are also found in Technical Note No. 2/2026 from Embrapa Fisheries and Aquaculture.

The technical note addresses the potential impacts of tilapia presence in natural environments outside their original range. According to the authors, the document aims to compile available scientific knowledge on the ecological aspects related to the species, without addressing its economic importance for fish farming.

Documented records of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) globally, with emphasis (bottom left) on the Brazilian territory. Sources: GBIF (2023), Ichthyology Collection of the Federal University of Sergipe (CIUFS), Ichthyological Collection of the Federal University of Paraíba (CIUFPB). Click on the image to enlarge it

According to Jean RS Vitule, professor at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and senior author of the publication, the document seeks to provide scientific support for discussions on public policies and proposals related to the cultivation and legal classification of exotic species.

The authors also highlight that Brazil has the greatest diversity of freshwater fish in the world, with thousands of species distributed across different river basins, many of them endemic. According to the publication, the introduction of species outside their natural distribution is one of the factors analyzed by the scientific community in studies on changes in aquatic ecosystems.

The presence of tilapia in Brazil dates back to the 1950s. The rendalli tilapia (Coptodon rendalli) was introduced in 1953. The Nile tilapia, on the other hand, was officially introduced in 1971 by the then National Department of Works Against Drought (DNOCS), with the aim of producing fingerlings for stocking public reservoirs in the Northeast and increasing the supply of fish.

Characteristics such as rapid growth, good feed conversion, adaptability to different environmental conditions, and high reproductive potential have favored the expansion of Nile tilapia, which has become the main species in Brazilian fish farming.

According to the technical note, when individuals escape from fish farms, ponds, or net cages, manage to survive, reproduce, and form populations in natural environments, a process called biological invasion occurs. This is the central theme discussed by the researchers in the document.


🇯🇵 日本語

ナイルティラピアの分類を巡る議論がテクニカルノートにより再燃

33名の研究者が共同執筆した出版物が、当該魚種がもたらす生態学的リスクに関する研究をまとめ、Conabioによる意思決定への情報提供を目指す。

ブラジルの研究者33名が署名したテクニカルノートは、ナイルティラピア(Oreochromis niloticus)の外来侵入種としての分類について取り上げている。6月29日に科学リポジトリであるEcoEvoRxivで公開されたこの文書は、著者らによると、当該魚種がこの分類の国際基準を満たしていることを示す科学文献の研究をまとめたものである。また、この資料は国家生物多様性委員会(Conabio)内で進行中の議論に貢献するためにも作成された。

このテーマは、ブラジルの養殖業における主要魚種の1つに関わるものである。2025年、ブラジルは707,495トンのティラピアを生産し、これは養殖魚の国内生産量の約70%に相当する。また、同魚種はブラジルの養殖魚輸出の約94%を占め、ブラジル養殖協会(Peixe BR)の2026年版ブラジル養殖年鑑によると、ブラジルを世界第4位のティラピア生産国として確固たるものにしている。同じデータは、Embrapa魚類養殖・水産養殖からのテクニカルノートNo. 2/2026にも記載されている。

このテクニカルノートは、本来の分布域の外にある自然環境におけるティラピアの存在がもたらす潜在的な影響を扱っている。著者らによると、この文書は魚類養殖における経済的重要性に言及することなく、当該魚種に関連する生態学的側面について利用可能な科学的知見をまとめることを目的としている。

パラナ連邦大学(UFPR)の教授であり、同出版物の筆頭著者であるJean RS Vitule氏によると、この文書は外来種の養殖および法的分類に関連する公的政策や提案に関する議論に科学的裏付けを提供することを目指している。

著者らはまた、ブラジルが世界で最も多様な淡水魚を擁し、さまざまな河川流域に数千種が分布しており、その多くが固有種であることを強調している。同出版物によると、自然の分布域外への種の導入は、水圏生態系の変化に関する研究において科学界が分析している要因の1つである。

ブラジルにおけるティラピアの存在は1950年代にまで遡る。レンダリ・ティラピア(Coptodon rendalli)は1953年に導入された。一方、ナイルティラピアは、北東部の公共貯水池に放流するための稚魚を生産し、魚の供給量を増やすことを目的として、当時の国家干害対策局(DNOCS)によって1971年に公式に導入された。

急速な成長、良好な飼料要求率、さまざまな環境条件への適応性、および高い繁殖力といった特性がナイルティラピアの拡大を後押しし、ブラジルの養殖業における主要な魚種となった。

テクニカルノートによると、養殖場、ため池、または網いけすから個体が逃げ出し、自然環境で生存、繁殖し、個体群を形成することに成功した場合、生物学的侵入と呼ばれるプロセスが発生する。これが、研究者たちが文書内で議論している中心的なテーマである。


🇨🇳 简体中文

技术報告重新引發關於尼羅羅非魚分類的辯論

33位確認学者共同撰寫的出版物匯編了關於該物種帶來的生態風險的研究,旨在為Conabio做出的決策提供依據。

33位巴西研究人員簽署的一份技術報告探討了將尼羅羅非魚(Oreochromis niloticus)分類为外來入侵物種的問題。該文件於6月29日發表在科學資料庫EcoEvoRxiv上,匯編了科學文獻中的研究,據作者稱,這些研究表明該物種符合該分類的國際標準。該材料的編製還旨在為國家生物多樣性委員會(Conabio)內部正在進行的討論做出貢獻。

該課題涉及巴西水產養殖中的主要物種之一。在2025年,巴西生產了707,495噸羅非魚,這一產量相當於國內養殖魚類總產量的約70%。根據巴西水產養殖協會(Peixe BR)發布的2026年巴西水產養殖年鑑,該物種還佔巴西魚類養殖出口的約94%,鞏固了該國作為全球第四大羅非魚生產國的地位。相同的數據也出現在Embrapa漁業與水產養殖的第2/2026號技術報告中。

該技術報告探討了羅非魚在其原始棲息地以外的自然环境中存在所帶來的潛在影響。據作者稱,該文件旨在匯編有關該物種生態方面的現有科學知識,而不涉及其對魚類養殖的經濟重要性。

根據巴拉那聯邦大學(UFPR)教授兼該出版物的主要作者Jean RS Vitule的說法,該文件旨在為有關外來物種養殖和法律分類的公共政策及提案的討論提供科學支持。

作者還強調,巴西擁有世界上最豐富的淡水魚類多樣性,數千個物種分布在不同的河流流域,其中許多是特有種。根據該出版物,在自然分佈範圍之外引入物種是科學界在研究水生生態系統變化時分析的因素之一。

羅非魚在巴西的存在可以追溯到1950年代。紅腹羅非魚(Coptodon rendalli)於1953年引入。另一方面,尼羅羅非魚於1971年由當時的國家抗旱工程部(DNOCS)正式引入,目的是生產用於投放東北部公共水庫的魚苗,並增加魚類供應。

生長迅速、飼料轉化率高、對不同環境條件的適應性強以及高繁殖潛力等特性,促進了尼羅羅非魚的擴展,使其成為巴西魚類養殖的主要物種。

根據技術報告,當個體從養魚場、池塘或網箱中逃逸,並成功在自然環境中存活、繁殖並形成種群時,就會發生被稱為生物入侵的過程。這正是研究人員在文件中討論的核心主題。

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