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The problem is not receiving foreign capital, but admitting it without firmness to demand that it compete and respect local rules.

Chancay: South America's Shanghai or a Chinese Myth?

Click on the flag for more information about Peru PERU
Monday, August 10, 2026, 01:00 (GMT + 9)

Twenty months after its inauguration, the port of Chancay fails to lower costs for Peruvian exporters despite cutting travel time to Asia by twelve days.

Foto: Chancay Port /  Ocean Alliance

When Chancay was inaugurated in November 2024, with presidents on the stage, the promise was simple: Peru would be South America's gateway to Asia, and that node would make us more competitive. Twenty months later, the offer sounds hollow to those who were supposed to be its main beneficiaries, namely, national exporters.

The reduction in travel time is real: the direct route to Shanghai now takes an average of 23 days, 12 fewer than before. But this reduction does not translate into money savings. Handling a container in Peru hovers around 800 dollars, double that of Chile and almost double that of Ecuador. Despite automation, Chancay's rates remain similar to those of Callao, the most expensive terminal in the region.

Ocean freight has not made a difference either. Shipping indices show that China charges practically the same to send a container from Chancay, Valparaíso, or Guayaquil. A journey reduced by one third does not mean profits for the exporter.

Photo: Stockfile / FIS

The explanation does not require conspiracy theories. There is no commercial dispute requiring price cuts. COSCO, the majority shareholder of the terminal, is also one of the world's largest shipping lines, integrated into the Ocean Alliance, which moves nearly 39% of global cargo. Indecopi confirmed that effective competition conditions do not exist in four key markets of the port. The operator and the shipping line are the same hand; efficiency does not translate into gains for exporters.

Those who produce the least added value lose the most. Paying double the rate takes anyone out of the game. Added to this is the domestic issue that warehouses remain in Lima and Callao, meaning cargo must be hauled to Chancay, incurring a land freight surcharge that cannot be passed on without losing competitiveness in destination markets.

Foto: AME / Facebook

What is most revealing is not what critics say, but what former defenders admit. ADEX, which celebrated the inauguration as the dawn of a new era, acknowledged that the dream of a "regional logistics hub" remains far from being fulfilled. And the Lima Chamber of Commerce, which backed the Asian operator in its dispute with the regulator Ositrán, made an energetic U-turn in July: it demanded a rate reduction from the Chinese Embassy, warning that otherwise, it would withdraw its support. We saw the business association that defended the "Megaport" investor rightfully calling out its diplomatic delegation.

Added to this disappointment is a revealing legal episode. Cosco litigated for months to shield itself from Ositrán's supervision, until the Second Constitutional Court of Lima restored that authority to the State. And in April, Beijing approved a regulation ordering its companies not to comply with foreign sanctions that the Chinese government itself deems "unjustified." It is hard not to see the irony: a regime that preaches cooperation reserves the right, by law, to decide which foreign rules deserve obedience. It is the same imperialist behavior that its official ideology claims to fight since the times of the "Great Helmsman" Mao Tse-Tung.

None of this condemns Chinese investment, which will continue to be a top-tier commercial partner. Our legal framework has rightly held a vision of openness to the world. The problem is not receiving foreign capital, but admitting it without firmness to demand that it compete and respect local rules. As Deng Xiaoping used to say, it does not matter whether the cat is white or black, as long as it catches mice. To Peru, that cat is only useful if it abides by the rules of the house.

Author / Source: Alfonso Miranda Eyzaguirre / Expreso


🇯🇵 日本語 (Japanese Version) | AIによる自動翻訳

チャンカイ:南米の上海か、それとも中国の虚構か?

開港から20か月が経過したチャンカイ港は、アジアへの航海日数を12日間短縮したものの、ペルーの輸出業者におけるコスト削減には結びついていない。

2024年11月に各国の首脳が登壇してチャンカイが開港した際、その約束はシンプルでした。ペルー南米からアジアへ至る玄関口となり、そのハブ機能が国内の競争力を高めるというものでした。しかし20か月後、最大の受益者となるはずであった国内の輸出業者にとって、その約束は空虚に響いています。

航海時間の短縮は事実です。上海への直行ルートは平均23日となり、以前より12日短縮されました。しかし、この時間短縮はコストの削減にはつながっていません。ペルーでのコンテナ取扱料金は800ドル前後に達し、チリ2倍エクアドルのほぼ2倍となっています。自動化が導入されているにもかかわらず、チャンカイの料金体系は地域で最も高額なカヤオ港と同水準のままです。

海上運賃においても差は生じていません。海運指数によると、中国チャンカイバルパライソグアヤキルからコンテナを輸送する際に徴収する運賃は実質的に同額です。航海距離が3分の1短縮されても、輸出業者の利益には結びついていません。

この理由は陰謀論を必要としません。価格引き下げを強いる商業的競争が存在しないためです。同ターミナルの過半数株主であるCOSCOは、世界最大級の海運会社でもあり、世界海上貨物の約39%を担うオーシャン・アライアンスに加盟しています。Indecopi(ペルー競争・知的財産保護庁)は、同港の4つの主要市場において実質的な競争条件が存在しないことを確認しました。港湾運営会社と海運会社が同一組織であるため、効率化が輸出業者の利益へと還元されないのです。

付加価値の低い製品を扱う事業者ほど大きな損失を被ります。倍額の料金負担は市場からの撤退を意味します。さらに、倉庫群が依然としてリマカヤオに集中しているという国内物流上の問題もあり、チャンカイまでの陸上輸送コストが発生します。この追加運賃は、目的地市場での競争力を維持するために価格転嫁できません。

最も象徴的なのは、批判者の意見ではなく、かつての擁護派による認容です。開港を新時代の幕開けと祝福していたADEX(ペルー輸出業者協会)は、「地域物流ハブ」の夢の実現が依然として遠いことを認めました。また、規制機関Ositránとの紛争においてアジアン・オペレーターを支持していたリマ商工会議所も、7月に態度を急変させました。中国大使館に対して料金の引き下げを要求し、改善されない場合は支持を撤回すると警告したのです。「メガポート」の投資家を擁護してきた業界団体が、その外交使節団に対して正当な抗議を行う事態となりました。

この失望に加え、象徴的な法的問題も発生しました。CoscoOsitránによる監督を回避するために数か月間にわたり法廷闘争を続けましたが、リマ第二憲法法廷国家にその監督権限があるとする判決を下しました。さらに4月北京は自国政府が「不当」とみなす外国の制裁措置に従わないよう自国企業に命じる規則を承認しました。国際協調を掲げる体制が、他国の法規に従うかどうかを自国の法律で決定するという皮肉な構造が存在します。これは「偉大な舵取り手」毛沢東の時代から公式イデオロギーが戦うと主張してきた帝国主義的行動そのものです。

これらの事象は、主要な商業パートナーであり続ける中国からの投資そのものを否定するものではありません。わが国の法秩序は、正当な理由をもって世界に開かれた方針を維持してきました。問題は外国資本を受け入れることではなく、市場競争と現地法規の遵守を断固とした姿勢で要求しないことにあります。鄧小平が「黒い猫でも白い猫でも、ネズミを捕まえるのが良い猫だ」と述べたように、ペルーにとってその猫は、この国の法律に従って行動する場合にのみ有用なのです。


🇨🇳 中文 (Simplified Chinese Version) | 由人工智能自动翻译

钱凯:南美的上海还是“中国寓言”?

钱凯港开港20个月后,尽管前往亚洲的海运时间缩短了12天,但仍未能降低秘鲁出口商的成本。

2024年11月,当钱凯在多国元首的见证下开港时,其许下的承诺十分明确:秘鲁将成为南美洲通往亚洲的门户,而这一枢纽将提升我们的整体竞争力。然而20个月后,对于本应成为最大受益者的国内出口商而言,这一承诺显得空洞无物。

航运时间的缩短是切实存在的:前往上海的直航航线平均耗时23天,比以往减少了12天。然而,时间的缩短并未转化为资金的节约。在秘鲁处理一个集装箱的费用高达800美元左右,是智利的两倍,几乎是厄瓜多尔的两倍。尽管实现了自动化作业,钱凯的收费标准仍与该地区费率最高的卡亚俄港相当。

海上运费方面同样未呈现差异。海运指数显示,中国钱凯瓦尔帕莱索瓜亚基尔运送集装箱的收费几乎相同。航程缩短三分之一并不意味着出口商能够获得额外利润。

这一现象无需用阴谋论来解释。由于缺乏促使降价的商业竞争环境,作为该终端的大股东,中远海运(COSCO)同时也是全球最大的航运公司之一,且隶属于承运全球约39%货物的海洋联盟Indecopi(秘鲁竞争与知识产权保护局)证实,该港口的四个关键市场均不存在有效竞争条件。运营商与航运公司实为同一主体,运营效率的提升并未转化为出口商的收益。

产品附加值越低的出口商受损越严重。支付双倍的港口费率足以将任何企业排除出市场。此外,国内还面临储运设施仍集中于利马卡亚俄的现实问题,货物必须陆运至钱凯,由此产生的陆运附加成本为了保持在目的国市场的竞争力而无法转嫁。

比批评者的声音更具说服力的,是昔日支持者态度的转变。曾将开幕视为新时代起点而欢呼的ADEX(秘鲁出口商协会)承认,“区域物流枢纽”的梦想依然遥不可及。而在亚洲运营商与监管机构Ositrán的争议中曾给予支持的利马商会,也在7月做出了果断转向:向中国大使馆提出降低费率的要求,并警告若不调整将撤回支持。我们看到,曾经维护“超级大港”投资者利益的商会,正理直气壮地向其外交代表团提出诉求。

除了商业上的挫折,一桩法律事件同样耐人寻味。中远海运曾诉讼数月以规避Ositrán的监管,直至利马第二宪法法庭裁定将监管权归还给国家。而在4月北京出台规定,要求本国企业不得遵守其政府认定为“不合理”的外国制裁。一个倡导合作的政权,却通过法律保留自主决定遵守何种外国法规的权利,这不失为一种讽刺。这种行为与其自“伟大舵手”毛泽东时代以来在官方意识形态中所宣称反对的帝国主义行径如出一辙。

这一切并不意味着否定中国的投资,中国仍将是至关重要的商业合作伙伴。我们的法律体系向来保持对世界开放的姿态。问题不在于引入外资,而在于缺乏以坚定态度要求其参与竞争并遵守当地法规。正如邓小平所言,“不管白猫黑猫,捉到老鼠就是好猫”。对于秘鲁而言,这只猫只有在恪守本国法律前提下才真正具备价值。

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