The Federal Agency for Fishery (Rosrybolovstvo; Russian: tr. Federal'naya agentstvo po rybolovstvu) is a federal body that exercises oversight over fishing and marine life in waters under the territory of the Russian Federation, excluding internal seas as well as the Caspian and Azov seas. It was formed on May 12, 2008 as part of Russia's Ministry of Agriculture.

The Federal Agency for Fishery (Rosrybolovstvo) is a federal executive body responsible for:

• Control (oversight) in fisheries and conservation of marine biological resources in Russia’s inland waters, excluding internal sea waters and the Caspian and Azov Seas until their status is determined, and government oversight of merchant shipping in terms of ensuring the safe navigation of fishing vessels in fishing areas;
  
• Government services and state property management in fishing, the protection, sustainable use, study, preservation and reproduction of marine biological resources and their habitats, as well as fish farming (aquaculture), commercial fisheries, the production of fish and other products from marine biological resources, the navigational safety of fishing fleets and safety of search-and-rescue operations in fishing areas while fishing, as well as production activities on board fishing vessels and at seaport terminals designed for the comprehensive servicing of fishing vessels.
  

The Federal Agency for Fishery shall exercise its powers in accordance with the Russian legislation on the territory of Russia, the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf of Russia, as well as in those cases covered by Russia’s international treaties, on the territory of foreign countries and open areas of the world's oceans.